OVERVIEW: An optical submarine periscope is a retractable mast that allows submariners to observe the surface environment while remaining submerged at periscope depth. It uses a direct line-of-sight system of mirrors and lenses to transmit visual information to the submarine's interior, enabling passive surveillance, navigation, and targeting without exposing the vessel significantly.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION: The 1980s submarine optical periscope retained a passive optical system with upgraded lens coatings, better light transmission, and improved mechanical reliability. Magnification levels generally included wide (around 1.5×) and narrow (around 8×) views with a wider field of view and reduced chromatic aberration. Enhanced compatibility with LLTV, IR sensors, and early digital fire control systems became standard. Periscopes included electric elevation and rotation controls to improve operator ease and precision.

ROLE SUMMARY:
Category: Optical Surveillance and Targeting
Primary Use: Visual observation, fire control support
Function: Passive reconnaissance and target tracking
Platform: Diesel-electric and nuclear submarines in Western and Eastern navies
Integration: Compatible with analog and early digital fire control and sensor suites

See Specific information under [Sensors/EW] and [Properties] sections.

SOURCE:
Cold War submarine optical systems technical manuals and NATO equipment guides